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Russia has said it will not allow clashes between Turkish and Syrian forces, as Turkey's military offensive in northern Syria continues.
"This would simply be unacceptable… and therefore we will not allow it, of course," said Moscow's special envoy for Syria, Alexander Lavrentyev.
The withdrawal of US troops from the region, announced last week, gave Turkey a "green light", critics say.
Russia is a key military ally of Syrian leader Bashar al-Assad.
Mr Lavrentyev, during a visit to the United Arab Emirates, described Turkey's offensive as "unacceptable".
He said Turkish and Syrian officials were in contact to avoid any conflict.
And Russia's defence ministry said its forces, which have been deployed in Syria since 2015, were patrolling along the "line of contact" between Syrian and Turkish forces.
How did we get here?
The Turkish offensive, which began last week, aims to push the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) from the border region. Turkey considers the biggest militia in the SDF a terrorist organisation.
The Turkish government wants to create a "safe zone" in the area, where it can resettle Syrian refugees currently in Turkey.
Many of them are not Kurds and critics warn this could lead to ethnic cleansing of the local Kurdish population.
Dozens of civilians have been killed in the operation so far and at least 160,000 have fled the area, according to the UN.
Kurdish-led forces have been a key ally of the US in the fight against the Islamic State (IS) group in Syria. They described the US withdrawal, which preceded Turkish action, as a "stab in the back".
There are fears the destabilisation could risk a resurgence of IS, as thousands of former fighters and their relatives are being detained in northern Syria. Hundreds of IS family members are said to have already escaped from one camp.
Some aid organisations have been forced to suspend operations and evacuate international staff over security fears.
Facing immense pressure, Kurdish-led forces announced a deal on Sunday with the Syrian government for military support to help repel Turkey.
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan insists the operation will continue until his country's "objectives have been achieved" despite the involvement of Syrian government forces.
The US has imposed sanctions on Turkish ministries and senior government officials in response to the country's military offensive in northern Syria.
President Donald Trump also phoned his Turkish counterpart to demand an immediate truce, Vice-President Mike Pence said.
Mr Pence said he would travel to the region "as quickly as possible".
What are the US sanctions?
Action has been taken against Turkey's defence and energy ministries, as well as the ministers of defence, energy and interior, the US Treasury said. The move freezes their assets in the US and bans transactions with them that involve the US financial system.
President Trump has faced mounting pressure to take action against Turkey – a Nato partner – including from Republicans usually loyal to his administration.
In a statement posted on Twitter, President Trump also said he would raise tariffs on Turkish steel back to 50% and "immediately stop" negotiations related to a "$100 billion trade deal" with Turkey.
"The United States and our partners have liberated 100 percent of ISIS's ruthless territorial caliphate," the statement said. "Turkey must not put these gains in jeopardy."
Vice-President Pence warned that the sanctions would worsen "unless and until Turkey embraces an immediate ceasefire" and negotiates a long-term settlement on the border.
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, who leads the Democrats, said on Twitter that the sanctions fell "very short of reversing the humanitarian disaster brought about by [the president's] own erratic decision-making".
Earlier on Monday, European Union countries committed to suspending arms exports to Turkey but stopped short of an EU-wide arms embargo. In response, Turkey said it would examine its co-operation with the EU due to its "unlawful and biased" attitude.
US sanctions lighter than expected
Analysis by Mark Lowen, former BBC Turkey correspondent
Donald Trump is now sanctioning Turkey for an invasion that he is widely considered to have enabled. By announcing a withdrawal of US troops from northern Syria, President Erdogan was given a de facto green light to move in.
The sanctions might appear hefty, targeting senior ministers and hiking steel tariffs, but in reality, they are lighter than expected – and we have been here before.
In August 2018, Donald Trump lost patience with Turkey's imprisonment of an American pastor, sanctioning two ministers and imposing 50% tariffs on Turkish aluminium and steel. The Turkish lira plunged to a record low of 7.2 to the dollar.
Since then, the lira has somewhat recovered – and appears to have largely shaken off today's measures. The US represents just 5% of Turkey's steel export market.
President Erdogan tends to digRead More – Source
