There has been a 17% drop in the number of prescriptions for antibiotics written by GPs in England over the past five years, latest figures show.
But antibiotic-resistant infections are still rising – up 9% between 2017 and 2018, to nearly 61,000.
Public Health England is urging the public to take antibiotics only when necessary.
And it urges people to listen to their doctor or pharmacist's advice on when to use them.
Antibiotics are essential for treating serious bacterial infections, such as sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis.
But they should not be used to treat coughs, earache and sore throats, which usually clear up without drugs.
If antibiotics are taken inappropriately, harmful bacteria living inside the body can become resistant to the antibiotics, which means the medicines may not work when really needed.
PHE's annual report on antimicrobial resistance for 2018-19 found that the most potentially serious infections (antibiotic-resistant bloodstream infections) rose by a third between 2014 and 2018.
Dr Susan Hopkins, from Public Health England, said it was "worrying" that more infections were becoming resistant to life-saving antibiotics.
But there is good news too – total antibiotic consumption in England has been coming down since 2014, when it hit a 20-year peak.
"We have seen positive steps taken to reduce antibiotic use without affecting people's recovery when they are unwell and GPs should be congratulated in their ongoing work to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use," Dr Hopkins said.
"We want the public to join us in tackling antibiotic resistance by listening to your GP, pharmacist or nurse's advice and only taking antibiotics when necessary," she added.
"Taking antibiotics when you don't need them is not a harmless act – it can have grave consequences for you and your family's health, now and in the future."
The report found no evidence that GPs prescribing fewer antibiotics had led to more people being admitted to hospital with serious infections.
'More to be done'
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