Genetic engineering is a science that involves the modification of the DNA of living organisms. It is used to introduce new traits into plants, animals, and microorganisms. Scientists use a method called homologous recombination to alter DNA sequences in a cell’s genome.
Scientists can also change a gene’s function by using restriction enzymes, which act like “DNA scissors.” They then transfer the desired gene to the organism using plasmid vectors or bacteria. Once the gene is in the organism, it can be manipulated with other chemicals to produce different effects. Scientists have modified the genomes of a variety of crops, and some have even created GMOs that resist certain diseases.
One of the biggest benefits of genetic engineering technology is its ability to produce food that’s resistant to drought or insects, reducing the need for pesticides. However, genetically modified crops may have other negative impacts on the environment and human health.
Another potential benefit of genetic engineering is its power to create medicines that treat specific diseases or conditions. For example, scientists at Emory University are using genetic engineering to develop a gene that prevents the formation of beta amyloid, which is thought to hasten Alzheimer’s disease. Currently, this is a long-term project, but it’s an important step in finding a cure for Alzheimer’s. In the future, gene editing could provide faster and more accurate ways to modify DNA sequences. This would speed up the time it takes to develop new medicines and other medical advances.
